• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A milking apparatus comprises sets of electrodes for detecting milk flows sucked by individual teat cups capped on individual teats, tubes connected to pressure chambers of the respective teat cups, change-over valves operative to supply atmospheric pressure and vacuum periodically and alternately to the tubes, counters for counting times for non-detection of the milk flows by the sets of electrodes, and controller for actuating the change-over valves to supply only atmospheric pressure to the tubes when the counted times of the counters exceed a predetermined time.
    公开号:SU1526564A3
    申请号:SU843794605
    申请日:1984-09-25
    公开日:1989-11-30
    发明作者:Танака Тадааки；Ибуки Тадахиро；Накамура Есиаки；Ямамото Масаити
    申请人:Эйсай Ко. Лтд (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to the construction of 1 and milking machines.
    The purpose of the invention is to ensure complete dispensing by stopping the milking process while detecting the full yield of milk, eliminating the possibility of prematurely turning off the teat cups and automatically controlling the time for stopping the milk return from
    each nipple,
    FIG. 1 shows the scheme of the milking machine, the first option; in fig. 2 is an isometric projection of the teat cup, the milk supply pipe, the catcher, and parts of the milk container; in fig. 3 - trap, section; in fig. 4 - milk collector, longitudinal section; in fig. 5 - the milk collector section, in a different plane; in fig. 6 shows a device for changing the air pressure in the first embodiment (two left valves in the atmospheric position, two right valves in the vacuum position, longitudinal section; FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the control device; FIG. 8 is a diagram of the milking machine, the second variant; Fig. 9 shows a device for changing pressure according to the second variant (two left valves in the atmospheric position, two right valves in the pulsating pressure position, longitudinal section; on. 10 is a block diagram of a milk control unit; Fig. 11 - block scheme of another version of the control unit.
    The design of the teat cups 1a, 1b, 1c and Id are similar. The teat cup comprises a housing 2 made of stainless steel in which a liner 3 of flexible and impermeable material is installed to form a pressure chamber 4. The milk supplying tubes 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d are connected at one end respectively to the liners 3 teat cups 1a, 1b, 1c and Id, and the other end to the milk container 6 through catchers 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d.
    The traps 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d are the same in design. The trap can be made in two versions, one of which is shown in FIG. 2, and the other in FIG. 3. The trap 7 includes a tubular body 8 with a flange 9 provided with a threaded portion. In the side wall of the housing 8 catcher
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    7 is made in the form of a groove in the longitudinal channel 10. In the peripheral wall of the housing 8 of the catcher 7 and in the lower part of the channel 10 there is a small hole 11 through which the channel 10 connects to the central channel 12. The housing 8 of the catcher 7 is inserted into the outer pipe 13, through which the housing 8 communicates with the milk supply pipe 5. The outer pipe 13 is connected to the housing B by means of a coupling 14 screwed onto the flange 9, and two electrodes 15 and 16 are mounted into the wall of the outer pipe 13 and extend to its inner and outer surfaces. The trap 7 of FIG. 3 has a simpler design. The milk supply pipe 5 partially narrows to form a small diameter part 17 and electrodes 15 and 16, similar to the catcher 7 in figure 2, are mounted into the wall of the pipe 5 above small diameter part 17. Electrodes 15 and 16 are made of non-oxidizing electrically conductive material, for example platinum, stainless steel or ang. The interior of the cylindrical body 18 of the milk collection unit 6 is divided by partitions 19 to form four inspection chambers 20 and a collection chamber 21 for milk. A transmitting pipe 22 is connected to the housing 18, communicating with the chamber 21. The inspection chambers 20 and the collecting chamber 21 communicate with each other through small openings 23, and the milk supply pipes 5a, 5b, 5cj 5d are connected to the crush 24 and communicate with the chambers 20 and 21. Electrodes 25 and 26 are mounted in the outer peripheral wall of chambers 20. Transmitting tube 22 is connected to a vacuum device (not shown).
    The pressure transmitting pipes 27 (Fig. 1) are connected at one end to the corresponding pressure chambers 4 of the teat cups 1a, 1b, 1c and Id; and at their end, with switching device 28 (Fig. 6) of air pressure, which comprises a housing 29 divided by a partition 30 into a vacuum chamber 31 and an alternating vacuum section, which is further divided by a partition 32 into four alternating pressure chambers 33. The vacuum chamber 31 communicates with the vacuum source 34 through the suction pipe 35, and in the partition 30, the suction holes 36 are formed, through
    5152
    which correspond to the alternating pressure chamber 33 communicating with the vacuum chamber 31. The alternating pressure chamber 33 is provided with corresponding pressure transmission pipes 37 respectively connected to pressure pipes 27 and with corresponding atmospheric channels 38 open to the atmosphere and located opposite the suction inlets. Two-way valves contain a body valve 39, having the ability to move, the spring 40, normally springing the corresponding valve body up (6) and the solenoid 41, excited in order to move the corresponding valve body associated with it downward with the counteraction of the spring biasing force of the corresponding spring.
    The traps 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d each contain a set of electrodes 15a and 16a, 15b and 16b, 15e and 16c, 15d and 16d, with one of the electrodes of each set 16a, 16b, 16c or 16d connected in series with the control device 42 by means of lines 43. Electrodes 25 and 26 can be installed instead of electrodes 15 and 16 in the same connection, if instead of catcher 7 a pick-up box 6 is used with electrodes 25 and 26.
    The milk flow sensors 44 are connected to the corresponding electrodes 16 for receiving signals from them, collecting the presence or absence of milk based on their electrical conductivity, and generating amplified signals. Counting circuits 45 are connected to the respective detektiruyuo: their circuits 44. Distribution circuits 46 are connected to the counting circuits 45 by signal lamps 47 and through lines 48 to solenoids 41.
    Milking machine works as follows.
    The nipples are inserted into the inserts 3.
    In the pneumatic air pressure switching device 28, solenoids, for example, 41 are energized to move the valve bodies 39 to overcome the spring force of the springs 40 (Fig. 6). As a result, the atmospheric channels 38 are closed, blocking the atmospheric pressure, and at the same time the suction openings 36 are opened, together with the pressure chamber 4 of the teat cups 1c and Id from the source
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    Nick 34 vacuum. But after 1 to 2 seconds, the solenoids 41 are turned off. Then the bodies of the valves 39 are spring-loaded upwards by means of the springs 40, closing the suction ports 36 and opening the atmospheric channels, 38 the pressure chamber 4 of the teat cups 1c and Id communicate with the atmospheric pressure to create pressure in the pressure chamber 4.. The excitation and switching off of the solenoids 41 is repeated cyclically. The cyclic excitations and deactivations of the salts of 41 are alternately repeated.
    The milk supplying pipes 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d are connected to the liners 3, on the one hand and; o are hurt by an oTcaci.Baini icT o device (not shown) through a transmission pipe 22. About cac; van and pool}. with a liner
    3 due to periodic changes in atmospheric pressure and vacuum inside the chamber
    4 pressure is applied to the nipple suction force, providing milking.
    In the device, equipped with catchers - pi 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d, the sucked milk flows through the central channel 12 and partially through channel 10 (figure 2), into the milk collection container 6. Part of the milk passing through the channel
    10 limited by micro hole
    11, its flow rate is limited to a temporary ocTanoeiui in it, as a result of which electrodes 15 and 16 detect the electrical conductivity of milk.
    Thus, the milk is recorded electrically at 15 and 16, or 25 and 26. Signal received; do PA sensors 44 flow of milk. When the milk choke is stopped, the electrodes 15 and 16 or 25 and 26 stop fixing the milk, some or all of the milk flow sensors 44 give signals, reproducing the absence of milk and corresponding to the conductivity of milk, which is less than a predetermined level. Counting circuits 45 react to signals of the absence of milk and calculate the length of time of these signals, producing the result obtained. The calculated time is compared with a predetermined (usually from 20 to 30 s) distribution circuits 46. When the calculated time coincides or exceeds a predetermined time, some or all of the distribution circuits 46 emit stop signals that are fed to the corresponding solenoids
    41. The solenoids 41 are turned off by opening the corresponding atmospheric channels 38 and allowing the pressure chambers 4 to correspond to the same teat cups 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d with atmospheric pressure. The effect of the pulsation on the corresponding nipples is stopped, the milking is stopped. However, in the liners 3, the vacuum still prevails and the teat cups 1a, 1b, 1c and Id remain on the nipples. Some or all of the distribution circuits 46 emit stop signals along with the simultaneous return to zero of the respective associated circuits.
    Suppose that the current of milk from the nipple is temporarily interrupted, resulting in the generation of a signal about the absence of milk by electrodes 16 and 15 or 25 and 26 and its flow to the detection circuit corresponding to this nipple. If in this case the milk current is restored within the specified time set for the distribution circuit, and the electrodes 15 and 16 or 25 and 26 again begin to emit signals indicating the presence of milk, then the distribution circuit corresponding to this nipple does not give a stop signal and one of the counting circuits C 45, corresponding to the e-pacifier, returns to the initial state. The corresponding counting circuit resumes counting as soon as it receives the stop signal again.
    When milk is dispensed from all teat cups 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d, the apparatus is stopped and they are removed from the nipples. The distribution circuits 46 are connected to the signal lamps 51 to signal the removal of the teat cup.
    FIG. 8 and 9 illustrate a second embodiment of the milking machine.
    According to the second variant, the air pressure switching device 28 comprises a pulsating pressure generator 49 and a switching device 50. The pulsating pressure generator 49 can be any type of pulsating pressure generator connected to a vacuum source 34 for generating periodically and alternately atmospheric pressure and vacuum .
    The switching device 50 comprises a housing 51 divided by a partition 52 into an intermediate chamber section and a switching chamber section. The intermediate chamber section is divided by a partition 53 into two intermediate chambers 54, and the switching chamber section is divided by partitions into four switching chambers 55.
    Intermediate chambers 54 are connected respectively to pressure supply pipes 56 connected to a pulsating pressure generator 49. The baffle 52 has pressure channels 57 through which the switching chamber 55 communicates with the intermediate chambers 54. The chambers 55 contain pressure transfer pipes 58 connected to pressure transmitting pipes 27, and the atmospheric channels 59 open to the atmosphere and are located opposite the corresponding pressure channels 57. Switching the device 50 contains the valve body 60 of the spring 61 and the solenoids 62. When the stop signals from the distribution circuits 46 come to the corresponding solenoids, they are turned off, opening the atmospheric channels 59 and the chamber The 4 pressures of the respective teat cups 1a and 1b are brought into communication with the atmospheric pressure. During this period, the solenoids 62 do not receive a stop signal to close the atmospheric channels 59 and open the pressure channels 57 so that a pulsating pressure is continuously applied to the respective teat cups 1c and Id.
    Figs 10 and 11 show two different types of control blocks.
    A cow has an udder disease, such as mastitis or milk fever, its milk contains an normally increased amount of ionic Na and C1, therefore, this milk has a high electrical conductivity. In this control unit, this phenomenon is used to control the milk sucked from each nipple. Here, the electrical conductivity of the milk sucked from each nipple is measured, the difference between the minimum electrical conductivity of the milk and the other electrical conductivities of the milk is calculated, and it is determined that a milk cow or nipple giving milk gives milk with a value of
    differences of conductivity exceeding the standard of normal detection. In this case, the cow or this nipple is recognized as sick. The magnitude of the difference in comparison with the reference value determines how far the disease of the cow or nipple has gone.
    In the control unit, a sinusoidal voltage generator 63 is connected by its output to one electrode 15a, 15b, 15c or 15d, respectively, of a trap 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d via an amplifier 64. The other electrode 16a, 16b, 16c or 16d is connected to the conductivity measurement circuit 65.
    Output of each measuring circuit
    65 connected on one side with the circuit
    66 for selecting the minimum value, and on the other hand, with the first input of the circuits 67 with opposite EMF, the second input of which is connected to the output of the minimum value selection circuit 66.
    The output of each of the counter-emf circuit 67 is connected on one side to the first input of the corresponding first comparison circuits 68, and on the other hand to the second comparison circuits 69, the second input of each of the first comparison circuits 68 is connected to the input terminal 70 of the low reference value, and the second input of each of the second comparison circuits 69 with the input terminal 71 of a high reference value. The output of each of the first comparison circuits 68 is connected on the one hand to the input of the corresponding circuits NO 72, and on the other hand to the first input of the corresponding circuits AND 73.
    The output of each of the second comparison circuits 69 is connected on the one hand to the input of the corresponding circuits NO 74, and on the other hand to the first input of the corresponding excitation circuits 75.
    The output of each of the circuits NO 72 is connected to the input of the respective first excitation circuits 76, and the output of each of the circuits NO 74 is connected to the second input of the corresponding circuits AND 73 whose outputs are connected to the inputs of the second excitation circuits 77.
    The outputs of the first excitation circuits 76 are connected to the lamps 78 of the indication of normal milk. The outputs of the third excitation circuit 75 are connected to
    lamp 79 display abnormal milk.
    The output of the minimum milk selection circuit 66 is connected to the input of the third comparison circuit 80 adjusted to a reference value for determining abnormal milk, its output is connected to the second input of each of the third excitation circuits 75.
    The control unit works as follows.
    A low level reference value is applied to the low level input terminal 70 and to the high level input terminal 71,
    the conductivity between 1 is 5-10 cm, and

    The reference value of the difference in electrical conductivity is 15–10 cm.
    The milk leaving the teat cups 1 is suspended inside the respective catchers 7.
    Since the sinusoidal signal of the generator 63 is applied through the amplifier 64 to one electrode 15a, 15b, 15c or 15d each of the catchers 7 from the other electrode 16a, 16b, 16c or 16d is given a signal depending on the conductivity of milk on the conductivity measuring circuit 65 and is converted by them into direct current output signals indicating conductivity values.
    All of the DC signals are applied to the minimum value selection circuit 66 and to the first input of the corresponding circuit 67 with opposing EMF. Circuit 66 selects the minimum value from the signals coming from it and outputs them to the second input of the corresponding circuits 67 with opposing EMF, where the minimum value signal is subtracted from all four DC signals, generating difference signals applied to the first input of each of the first comparison circuits 68 and the first output of each of the second comparison circuits 69.
    The first comparator 68 compares the difference signal with a low level standard of 5 X and outputs a signal when the difference signal exceeds the low level standard. The second comparator 69 compares the difference signal in comparison with the high level standard 15 X lO cM and outputs a second signal when the difference signal exceeds the high level standard.
    eleven
    152656А
    In normal milk, the first comparing circuit 68 does not output signals, since the difference signal is below the reference low level. The NO 72 circuits excite the corresponding first excitation circuits 76 which include the lamps 81 indicating normal milk.
    In half normal milk, the first comparison circuits 68 generate signals, because the difference signal exceeds the low level standard, while the second comparison circuits 69 do not output signals, because the difference signal is below the high level standard. Therefore, the signals and the inverted outputs of the NET 74 circuits allow the respective AND circuits 73 to excite the corresponding second lamp excitation circuits 77, which turn on the corresponding lamps 78 for indicating normal helix milk simultaneously with the initiation con of the corresponding buzzers (not shown)
    In the case of abnormal milk, the first 68 and second 69 circuits compare the signals and the corresponding NO circuits prohibit the excitation of the first 76 and second 77 excitation circuits. Only the third excitation circuits 75 are energized, including the respective abnormal milk indication lamps 79 at the same time as the excitation associated with the buzzers.
    FIG. 11 shows another variation of the control block.
    The outputs of the conduction measurement circuit 65 are connected to the maximum value selection circuit 82 and the circuit 83.
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    selection of the minimum value. The outputs of the selection circuits 82 and 83 with: are connected to the subtractive circuit 84,
    The difference signal, outputted by the subtraction circuit 84, drives the drive circuit 76, 77 or 75 via the first comparator 68 or the second comparator 69, including the corresponding indication lamp together with the buzzer,
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    Invention Formula
    A milking machine with teat cups containing milk flow sensors, made in the form of electrodes, installed at the outlet of each teat cup, pressure transfer hoses, distributor and pressure switch, pressure switch control means and timeless milk counting circuit, characterized in that ensuring complete affection by excluding the possibility of a milking process while detecting the full recoil of milk, excluding the possibility of prematurely turning off the teat cups and the automatic In order to control the time for stopping milk return from each nipple, the absence of milk time counting circuit is equipped with a counting circuit for returning the absence of milk counting circuit to its original state when milk supply is restored, while the counting circuit is connected to the output of the milk flow sensor and the inlet of the distributor.
    fji.i
    5a
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    Phage.1
    FIG. 6
    Fi.in
    FIG. 9
    -Q71 70
    81 78 79
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    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AT47645T|1989-11-15|
    EP0137367A2|1985-04-17|
    JPS6210127B2|1987-03-04|
    DK456384A|1985-03-27|
    DE3480316D1|1989-12-07|
    JPS6070021A|1985-04-20|
    DK160342C|1991-08-26|
    AU564801B2|1987-08-27|
    NZ209567A|1988-05-30|
    FI75084B|1988-01-29|
    FI843780L|1985-03-27|
    US4574736A|1986-03-11|
    AU3322884A|1985-04-04|
    CA1228831A|1987-11-03|
    EP0137367B1|1989-11-02|
    DK160342B|1991-03-04|
    EP0137367A3|1986-07-16|
    FI75084C|1988-05-09|
    DK456384D0|1984-09-25|
    FI843780A0|1984-09-26|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    JP58178945A|JPS6210127B2|1983-09-26|1983-09-26|
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